spacing in LaTeX

horizontal spacings in LaTeX (Text)
description	size	command	example
blank space	flexible		word 1 → ← word 2

no break space	6/18 em	`\nobreakspace`	word 1 → ← word 2

	6/18 em		word 1 → ← word 2

1em space	1em	`\quad`	word 1 → ← word 2

2em space	2em	`\qquad`	word 1 → ← word 2

small spacing	3/18em	`\,`	word 1 → ← word 2

own spacing	flexible	`\hspace{1cm}`	word 1 → ← word 2

	to the end of the line	`\dotfill`	word 1 .................................................
		`\hfill`	word 1
		`\hrulefill`	word 1 ____________________________

vertical spacings in LaTeX (text)
description	size	command
small spacing	3pt¹	`\smallskip`
middle spacing	6pt¹	`\medskip`
big spacing	12pt¹	`\bigskip`
own spacing	flexible	`\parskip`
own spacing	flexible	`\vspace{size/value}`

¹ depends on the used documentclass

spacings within math in L^AT_EX
description	size	command	example
normale spacing			word 1 → ← word 2

small spacing	3/18em	`\,`	word 1 → ← word 2

middle spacing	4/18em	`\:`	word 1 → ← word 2

big spacing	5/18em	`\;`	word 1 → ← word 2

0.5em spacing	0.5em	`\enspace`	word 1 → ← word 2

1em spacing	1em	`\quad`	word 1 → ← word 2

2em spacing	2em	`\qquad`	word 1 → ← word 2

own spacing	18mu = 1em	`\mspace{18mu}`	word 1 → ← word 2

own spacing		`\hspace{1cm}`	word 1 → ← word 2

negativ spacings within math in L^AT_EX
description	size	command	example
small negativ spacing	-3/18em	`\!`

middle negativ spacing	-4/18em	`\negmedspace²`

big negativ spacing	-5/18em	`\negthickspace²`

own negativ spacing	18mu = 1em	`\mspace{-18mu}`

own negativ spacing		`\hspace{-1cm}`

² needs AMS-L^AT_EX usepackge amsmath.sty .

Source: https://www.latex-kurs.de/fragen/Abstaende_in_Latex.html